Evaluar la evolución de la empatía en el tiempo en estudiantes de odontología: Empatía en estudiantes de odontología

Natalia Fortich Mesa; Roquelina Pianeta Alviz; Vivi Hoyos Hoyos; Lindsey W.  Vilca; Alejandro Reyes-Reyes; Victor Diaz

doi:10.47993/gmb.v47i1.707

Autores/as

Dra. Fortich Corporación Universitaria Rafaél Núñez
Dra Pianeta Corporación Universitaria Rafaél Núñez
Dra Hoyos Corporación Universitaria Rafaél Núñez
Mg. Vilca 4. South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener
Mg. Reyes 5. Universidad Santo Tomás, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Escuela de Psicología, Concepción
Victor Diaz Universidad Andres Bello

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47993/gmb.v47i1.707

Palabras clave:

cohorte, diseño transversal, dimensiones de la empatía, empatía, fiabilidad, invarianza

Resumen

Objetivo. evaluar la evolución de la empatía y sus dimensiones en dos períodos anuales diferentes y determinar las fortalezas y las deficiencias observadas en la empatía y en sus dimensiones.

Material y Métodos. estudio no experimental, descriptivo y transversal. La población la conforman estudiantes colombianos de odontología. La muestra se conformó de dos cohortes: n=326 estudiantes, 100% de la población (cohorte 2016) y n=207 estudiantes, 87,34 % de la población (cohorte 2022). La empatía fue medida por el instrumento JES-HPS. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, fiabilidad e invarianza. Las comparaciones de empatía entre las cohortes se realizaron mediante un análisis de la varianza factorial. Resultados. se cumplió el modelo teórico de tres dimensiones de la empatía en ambas cohortes estudiadas. Los niveles de confiabilidad fueron aceptables. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas relevantes entre las cohortes y se observa una declinación en el segundo y quinto curso de la empatía y de las dimensiones en general.

Conclusiones. los valores de la empatía y sus dimensiones se han mantenido sin cambios en el tiempo y la empatía clasifico como “nivel medio” Como consecuencia de lo anterior, los niveles medios de la empatía podrían asociase a un déficit en la capacidad de entender la subjetividad del pensamiento del paciente y, esta situación, complica una actitud empática normal.

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